Which of the following types of resistance to change is often a deliberate strategy to 'prove' that the decision is wrong or that the change agent is incompetent?

A) Direct costs.
B) Saving face.
C) Fear of the unknown.
D) Breaking routines.
E) Incongruent organizational systems.

Saving face is a type of resistance to change in which individuals or groups resist change as a way of maintaining their reputation or proving that they were right all along. This is often done deliberately to prove that the decision is wrong or that the change agent is incompetent. Direct costs refer to the financial costs associated with a change, fear of the unknown is the fear of uncertainty associated with change, breaking routines refers to the disruption of established patterns of behavior, and incongruent organizational systems refer to conflicts between new and existing systems.