Which element of expectancy theory could be phrased as the question, "Is the outcome I get of any value to me?"

A) expectancy
B) instrumentality
C) effort
D) valence

Outcome

An outcome is the result or effect of an action, decision, or situation, often analyzed to assess the success or failure of an endeavor.

Valence

In psychology, the value associated with a particular outcome or reward, influencing the motivation of an individual.

Expectancy

The belief or anticipation that a particular event or outcome will occur.