Which element below is considered a "hard" influence tactic?

A) assertiveness
B) personal appeals
C) exchange
D) inspirational appeals

Assertiveness

The quality of being self-assured and confident without being aggressive, effectively communicating one's needs and desires.

Personal Appeals

Requests or suggestions that are based on personal relationships or friendships rather than on formal authority or logic.

Exchange

The act of giving something to someone and receiving something else in return.