Which of the following is the least communal form of communal branding?

A) Brand publics
B) Consumer tribes
C) Subcultures of consumption
D) Brand community

Brand publics are the least communal form of communal branding because they are based on a more loosely organized group of consumers who engage with the brand in public or social media spaces, without the tight-knit community and shared rituals found in consumer tribes, subcultures of consumption, and brand communities.