Using the expectancy theory perspective, a manager can maximise __________ in a positive direction by identifying individual needs and adjusting rewards to match these needs.

A) instrumentalities
B) expectancies
C) equities
D) attributions
E) valences

Expectancy Theory Perspective

A theory in psychology that explains human behavior as motivated by expected outcomes or the perceived value of those outcomes.

Instrumentalities

The perceived probability that performing at a certain level will lead to the attainment of a valued outcome.

Valences

In the context of psychology, it refers to the intrinsic attractiveness or aversiveness of an event, object, or situation.