Some psychologists critique psychodynamic theories because they are largely based on the retrospective accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that:

A) adult memories of childhood experiences may be flawed.
B) random samples are biased.
C) childhood experiences can affect adult personalities.
D) retrospective studies only focus on atypical adults.

Adult memories of childhood experiences may be flawed, meaning that their retrospective accounts may not accurately represent what actually occurred in their childhood. Psychodynamic theories rely heavily on these retrospective accounts to understand how past experiences shape present behavior and personality, which makes the validity and reliability of these theories questionable.