Edlow Incorporated makes a single product--a critical part used in commercial airline seats. The company has a standard cost system in which it applies overhead to this product based on the standard labor-hours allowed for the actual output of the period. Data concerning the most recent year appear below:
Required:
a. Determine the variable overhead rate variance for the year.
b. Determine the variable overhead efficiency variance for the year.
c. Determine the fixed overhead budget variance for the year.
d. Determine the fixed overhead volume variance for the year.

a. Variable component of the predetermined overhead rate (Standard rate) = $41,325/28,500 labor-hours
= $1.45 per labor-hour
Variable overhead rate variance = (Actual hours × Actual rate) − (Actual hours × Standard rate)
= ($18,216) − (39,600 labor-hours × $1.45 per labor-hour)
= ($18,216) − ($57,420)
= $39,204 Favorable
b. Labor efficiency variance = (Actual hours − Standard hours) × Standard rate
= (39,600 labor-hours − 38,000 labor-hours) × $1.45 per labor-hour
= (1,600 labor-hours) × $1.45 per labor-hour
= $2,320 Unfavorable
c. Budget variance = Actual fixed overhead − Budgeted fixed overhead
= $156,135 − $174,135 = $18,000 Favorable
d. Fixed component of the predetermined overhead rate = $174,135/28,500 labor-hours
= $6.11 per labor-hour
Volume variance = Budgeted fixed overhead − Fixed overhead applied to work in process
= $174,135 − ($6.11 per labor-hour × 38,000 labor-hours)
= $174,135 − ($232,180)
= $58,045 Favorable