Which of the following research techniques would not be considered primary research?

A) Observation.
B) Focus groups.
C) Test markets.
D) Simulations.
E) None of these.

Primary Research

This is the process of gathering new data directly from sources through methods like surveys, interviews, or experiments for specific research purposes.

Observations

The act of noticing and recording something, typically as part of a research study or assessment.

Focus Groups

A research method that gathers a small, diverse group of people to discuss and provide feedback on a particular subject or product.