Which of the following is related to the special-interest effect?

A) pork-barrel politics
B) earmarks
C) logrolling
D) all of these

Special-Interest Effect

The impact on policy or decision-making driven by the concentrated benefits to a small group while the costs are dispersed among the general population.

Pork-Barrel Politics

Refers to the allocation of public funds for projects designed primarily to benefit constituents of a politician in return for their political support.

Earmarks

Narrow, specially designated spending authorizations placed in broad legislation by senators and representatives for the purpose of providing benefits to firms and organizations within their constituencies. Earmarked projects are exempt from competitive bidding and normal evaluation procedures.