When the special-interest effect is the major reason for the passage of a government policy or project, then economic efficiency will always improve.

Special-Interest Effect

Any political outcome in which a small group (“special interest”) gains substantially at the expense of a much larger number of persons who each individually suffers a small loss.

Government Policy

refers to the actions taken by a government to address issues or achieve goals, which may involve regulations, laws, or spending priorities.

Economic Efficiency

A situation where resources are allocated in a way that maximizes the production of goods and services.