Theory X managers tend to see their subordinates as ___.

A) creative, responsible, and self?motivated
B) motivated by challenging work
C) irresponsible, resistant to change, lacking in ambition, disliking work, and preferring to be led rather than to lead
D) liking work because they prefer to lead rather than to be led
E) basically rational

Theory X

A management theory assuming that employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if possible, necessitating control and coercion by management.

Subordinates

Employees or team members who are ranked lower in a chain of command or hierarchy within an organization.

Self-motivated

Having the personal drive or inner willingness to undertake activities without external encouragement.