The traditional model of job control unionism which dominated the U.S. workplace in the 20^th century has been criticized for encouraging or creating all of the following except:

A) Lack of flexibility in production processes.
B) Inattention to quality of production.
C) Worker apathy toward work and business.
D) Subjective and arbitrary treatment in the workplace.

Job Control Unionism

A labor relations strategy focused on the collective negotiation of work roles, conditions, and terms of employment by unions to protect workers’ interests.

Lack Of Flexibility

The inability or unwillingness to adapt to new conditions or circumstances, which can hinder progress and efficiency.

Production Processes

The methods, techniques, and sequences involved in manufacturing goods and services, from raw materials to finished products.