The following is a measure of the strength of association,typically used in case-control studies to measure the association between exposure and disease:

A) Incidence rate
B) Population attributable fraction
C) Attributable fraction
D) Prevalence
E) Odds ratio

Odds Ratio

A measure of association between an exposure and an outcome, indicating the odds of an outcome occurring with the exposure compared to without.

Case-Control Studies

Observational studies that retrospectively investigate exposure factors among subjects with a specific condition compared to those without the condition.

Exposure

Contact with a substance or factor that could affect health.