The concept of affective organizational commitment includes:

A) an emotional attachment to the organization.
B) an identification with the organization.
C) an involvement with the organization.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Affective Organizational Commitment

The emotional attachment and identification that an employee has towards their organization, influencing their desire to remain part of it.

Emotional Attachment

The affective bond or connection one develops with an object, individual, or concept, often leading to feelings of closeness or personal significance.

Identification

The process of associating oneself with certain groups, ideas, or qualities, leading to a sense of belonging or alignment with those entities.