Right-to-work laws in some states prohibit the closed-shop and agency-shop union setups.

Closed-shop

A form of union security agreement where the employer agrees to hire union members only, and employees must remain members of the union at all times.

Agency-shop

A workplace where employees are not required to join the union, but all employees must pay union dues as the union negotiates on behalf of both members and non-members.

Right-to-work Laws

Legislation that prohibits labor agreements from requiring workers to join a union as a condition of employment, aiming to ensure freedom of choice for employees.