List a few ways how organizational leaders deal with crises.

Answers will vary. The way leaders deal with crises communicates a powerful message about culture. Emotions are heightened during a crisis, and learning is intense. Difficult economic times present crises for many companies and illustrate their different values. Some organizations avoid laying off workers at all costs. Others, despite their claim that employees are important, quickly institute major layoffs at the first signal of an economic downturn. Please see the section "The Leader's Role in Shaping and Reinforcing Culture" for more information.