Following massive damage to his frontal lobes,Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by

A) muscle spasms.
B) memory loss.
C) auditory hallucinations.
D) irritability.

Frontal Lobes

The portion of the cerebral cortex involved in decision making, problem solving, control of purposeful behaviors, consciousness, and emotions.

Phineas Gage

A historically significant patient whose personality changes after a brain injury helped scientists understand the brain's role in personality and behavior.

Auditory Hallucinations

Experiences involving hearing sounds—most commonly voices—that are not present in the external environment.