According to the expectancy model,an individual's preference for a particular second-level outcome is called valence.

Second-Level Outcome

An effect or result that is one step removed from the immediate outcome, often referring to the longer-term or indirect effects.

Valence

The intrinsic attractiveness or aversiveness of an event, object, or situation, often influencing people's choices and behaviors.

Expectancy Model

A psychological theory stating that an individual's motivation is related to their expectation of achieving a desired performance level and the value of the associated reward.