Psychology Expert Q&A

In which of the following ways do African American women cope with single parenting?

A) by forming extended households
B) by using informal adoption
C) by relying on family members for child care
D) All of these answers are correct.

The majority of people today believe that masturbation

A) is not harmful.
B) can lead to insanity.
C) is harmful for women's reproductive health.
D) is more likely to cause insanity among women than among men.

Pregnancy often elicits ________ because pregnant women are seen as ________.

A) resentment; wanting special treatment
B) embarrassment; extremely sexual
C) friendliness; happy with their lives
D) benevolent sexism; fragile and dependent

Which of the following is experienced by pregnant women due to the dramatic bodily changes that occur during pregnancy?

A) They feel out of control.
B) They feel free from cultural demands to be slim.
C) They feel alienated from their bodies.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following is true of the Lamaze method of prepared childbirth?

A) It rules out the use of pain-relieving drugs.
B) It helps the woman in working against each uterine contraction.
C) It includes teaching women techniques of relaxation and controlled breathing.
D) It decreases feelings of self-esteem and control as it leads to a long labor.

Identify a true statement about the medical model of birth adopted by the United States.

A) Home births are encouraged, with minimal usage of medical procedures.
B) American women are encouraged to give birth in a familiar environment.
C) In hospital births, women give birth in the squatting position.
D) Physicians and pregnant women are encouraged to focus on possible complications that can arise.

In contrast to heterosexual couples, lesbian and gay couples

A) are in solo-income or solo-career relationships.
B) stress relationship dominance that is unlinked to social class.
C) tend to share more leisure activities.
D) lack faith in the institution of marriage.

Studies of marital satisfaction show that a decline in happiness often occurs after

A) the first two months.
B) the second child is born.
C) the first child is born.
D) two years.

Which of the following is the most common way for a woman to contract HIV in the United States?

A) by using intravenous drugs
B) through unprotected sex with a woman
C) through unprotected sex with a man
D) None of these answers is correct.

According to Crawford, becoming a mother is a major life transition because it

A) is a kind of biological destiny for women.
B) involves changes in work, lifestyle, and relationships with significant others.
C) is pathological not to feel positive about motherhood.
D) involves changes in the physical self but not the psychological identity of women.

For both boys and girls, one of the strongest predictors of sexual activity is the

A) actual level of sexual activity of their best friends.
B) perceived level of sexual activity of their best friends.
C) raging hormones that guide the behavior of their friends.
D) actual level of sexual activity of their best friends and raging hormones.

Which of the following tendencies is a gender difference in play for children?

A) Boys play violent video games and girls play with Barbie dolls.
B) Children avoid "opposite-gender" toys during preschool and elementary years.
C) Children express strong preferences for gender-typed toys.
D) All of these answers are correct.

In a study of 7- to 10-year-old children in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States, which asked the kids themselves to report on their use of both kinds of aggression, Lansford et al. (2012) found that in all nine countries

A) boys were more physically aggressive than girls.
B) boys were more likely than girls to use indirect, relational aggression.
C) there was a relatively small effect size for physical aggression in favor of boys.
D) there was a significantly large effect size for relational aggression in favor of boys.

Jamal's father is mowing their home lawn. Jamal excitedly starts mowing the lawn with his toy lawn mower, which he had received for his birthday. In this scenario, Jamal has learned through

A) speech.
B) biology.
C) cognition.
D) observation.

According to social learning theory, reinforcement can occur

A) whether or not an adult is deliberately trying to influence a child's behavior.
B) only when an adult is deliberately trying to influence a child's behavior.
C) only within a child's home.
D) only when an adult intends to teach a lesson about gender to a child.

In cultures where homosexuality is strongly tabooed, third-sex people

A) are almost invariably persecuted.
B) are never persecuted.
C) may be accepted.
D) are expected to have genital surgery.

In their respective cultures, third-sex people are

A) considered to be gay.
B) not considered to be gay.
C) referred to as bisexual.
D) more often biologically female than biologically male.

Identify the reason why the transition from males to females is preferred over the transition from females to males.

A) because the rules for masculinity are more restrictive than those for femininity
B) because the surgery to construct a penis is complicated, and the results are often disappointing
C) because it is easier for females to act like males and use hormone supplements
D) All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following terms refers to an official psychiatric category for those individuals who experience a disjunction between their assigned sex and their core gender identity?

A) gender dysphoria
B) stereotypical threat
C) transgender identity
D) identity moratorium

Men in the American culture are likely to learn that expressing ________ is an acceptable and effective way to control others.

A) envy
B) depression
C) anger
D) surprise