Philosophy Expert Q&A

Paul Ramsey believes that it may be morally legitimate to use captive populations of children in research studies.

The right to life is absolute.

Who endorses utilitarianism?

A) Ross
B) Rawls
C) Kant
D) Mill

Which of the following are principles of justice that Rawls believes that all people in the original position would agree upon?

A) Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged.
B) Social and economic inequalities are to be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity.
C) Each person has an equal right to the most extensive set of basic liberties compatible with a similar set of liberties for all.
D) All of these choices.

H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. argues that

A) Life is always a precious gift.
B) Life can sometimes be seen as an injury.
C) The value of a life can never be determined.
D) Children's lives are more valuable than those of adults.

According to Kant, if I donate a kidney because I wish to be praised for my generosity, my action can be described in which of the following ways?

A) My action has no inner moral worth.
B) My action is in accordance with duty.
C) My action is not performed from duty.
D) All of these choices

What problem does J. J. Thomson set aside?

A) The problem of fetal personhood
B) The problem of partial birth abortion
C) The problem of unintended consequences
D) The problem that there is no constitutional right to privacy

According to Kai Nielsen, what type of medical system is justified?

A) A single-tier system
B) A two-tier system
C) A three-tier system
D) Any type of tiered system

Which principle is also called the "greatest happiness principle"?

A) The principle of utility
B) The principle of double effect
C) The pleasure principle
D) The paternalist principle

Phadke and Anandh argue for the view that the medical profession should reject commercial organ procurement on what grounds?

A) Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor.
B) Commercial organ procurement commercializes the body.
C) Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor, commercializes the body, and undercuts human dignity.
D) Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor and undercuts human dignity.

Mary Ann Warren argues that there is a difference between being a genetic human and a moral human.

Both Ross and Mill believe that medical research must be based on what is useful.

The market approach to organ allocation puts a low value on which of the following?

A) Individual rights
B) Personal autonomy
C) Fairness
D) All of these choices

The reason for which few scientists advocate abandoning the use of racial terminology in research and clinical practice is which of the following?

A) Most diseases have a genetic component that is race-linked.
B) Categories of race have a profound impact on people's lives and health.
C) African Americans have been systematically discriminated against and this situation needs to be addressed by leaving out the use of racial terminology.
D) All of these choices.

If something is "anthropogenic" it is generated by

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) climate.
D) humans.

Which principle can simply be stated as meaning "above all, do no harm"?

A) Principle of Nonmaleficence
B) Principle of Autonomy
C) Principles of Distributive Justice
D) Principle of Utility

Whose ethical system was grounded in the idea of autonomous control over one's body?

A) Singer's
B) Kant's
C) Grodin's
D) Mill's.

What conception of disability is premised on the idea that there is a universal standard of functioning for human beings?

A) The social concept of disability
B) The medical concept of disability
C) The pragmatic concept of disability
D) The pluralistic concept of disability

Geyman argues that in its first five years the Affordable Care Act has done which of the following?

A) It has failed to restrain healthcare spending.
B) It has failed to make insurance affordable.
C) It has failed to improve the quality of care.
D) All of these choices

Which of the following are First World Problems?

A) Cancer
B) Hypertension
C) Heart disease
D) All of these choices