Which of the following is not a step in content analysis?

A) interview the content author or producer
B) develop a research question about communication content
C) define the content to be analyzed
D) select units for coding

Interviewing the content author or producer is not a common step in content analysis. Content analysis involves analyzing media or communication content, so the author or producer's perspective is not always relevant or accessible. The other three options listed are common steps in content analysis.