Which of the following is NOT a possible buffer for the disease causing effects of stress?

A) having a humorous expressive style
B) having a pessimistic explanatory style
C) hardiness
D) having alternate plans ready

A pessimistic explanatory style is associated with a higher risk for developing negative health outcomes due to stress, rather than being a buffer for the effects of stress. Choices A, C, and D are all possible buffers for the disease-causing effects of stress. Having a humorous expressive style can help reduce the negative impact of stress, hardiness is a set of personality traits that enable individuals to cope more effectively with stress, and having alternate plans ready can help reduce feelings of helplessness and increase a sense of control in the face of stressors.