Which of the following is characterized by sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is due to a sleep-related breathing conditions, such as apnea?

A) Respiratory rhythm disorder
B) Narcolepsy
C) Breathing-related sleep disorder
D) Primary hypersomnia

Breathing-related sleep disorder is characterized by sleep disruption due to a sleep-related breathing condition such as apnea, leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia. Respiratory rhythm disorder refers to abnormal breathing patterns during sleep, while narcolepsy involves excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden loss of muscle tone. Primary hypersomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness without any known cause.