Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

A) Individual instrumental purpose and exchange
B) Need achievement
C) Social system and conscience maintenance
D) Punishment and obedience
E) Universal ethical principles

The last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development is Universal ethical principles. At this stage, individuals follow their own set of ethical principles, which are self-chosen and based on universal human rights and values. These principles may conflict with laws and rules, but individuals believe that they are more important than the authority of the social system. This stage is considered the highest level of moral reasoning.