Those who feel that unions positively affect productivity and efficiency argue that unions are:

A) "voice mechanisms" that reduce labor turnover.
B) "exit mechanisms" that reduce labor turnover.
C) "voice mechanisms" that accelerate labor turnover.
D) "exit mechanisms" that accelerate labor turnover.

Productivity

The measure of efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system, etc., in converting inputs into useful outputs.

Efficiency

The extent to which resources are used in the best possible way to produce goods and services.

Labor Turnover

The rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new employees, often used as a measure of a company's stability and employee satisfaction.