The patient has recent bilateral, above-the-knee amputations and has developed C. difficile diarrhea. What assessments should the nurse use to detect ECV deficit in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

A) Test for skin tenting.
B) Measure rate and character of pulse.
C) Measure postural blood pressure and heart rate.
D) Check Trousseau's sign.
E) Observe for flatness of neck veins when upright.
F) Observe for flatness of neck veins when supine.

ECV deficit is characterized by skin tenting; rapid, thready pulse; and flat neck veins when supine, which can be assessed in this patient. Although ECV deficit also causes postural blood pressure drop with tachycardia, this assessment is not appropriate for a patient with recent bilateral, above-the-knee amputations. Trousseau's sign is a test for increased neuromuscular excitability, which is not characteristic of ECV deficit. Flat neck veins when upright is a normal finding.