The issue of racial profiling has been a controversial topic in the United States for many years, and it was particularly widespread after the events of September 11, 2001. When an individual engages in profiling and assumes that one person must possess certain qualities because of their race or ethnicity, (s) he is engaging in __________

A) attribution.
B) discrimination.
C) stereotyping.
D) social loafing.

Racial profiling involves stereotyping individuals based on their race or ethnicity, assuming that they possess certain qualities or characteristics solely because of their race. Discrimination involves treating individuals differently or unfairly based on their race or other personal characteristics. Attribution involves making assumptions about why a person behaves in a certain way, and social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort in a group setting.