The German labor relations system includes industry-wide bargaining between employer federations and employer associations.

Industry-wide bargaining

Negotiation processes between unions and employers across an entire industry, setting standard employment terms.

Employer federations

Organizations representing the collective interests of employers in negotiations and policy discussions with labor unions and governments.

Employer associations

Organizations formed by employers to promote their collective labor relations interests, which can include bargaining with unions or lobbying for favorable legislation.