The difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable has to do with manipulation.The independent variable is manipulated,which typically causes a change in the dependent variable.

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to see if it has an effect on another variable.

Dependent Variable

In research, it's the variable being tested and measured, assumed to be affected by the independent variable.

Manipulation

The act of controlling or influencing others in a deceptive or indirect way.