Summarize the research regarding gender differences in treatments. Also, summarize the issues involved in cultural differences in treatments.

There are gender differences in the prevalence of psychological disorders, but there is controversy on how this would affect individuals who are seeking treatment. Some people are critical of men treating women in therapy, with the idea that a man may suggest what they believe is appropriate during the therapy, which may involve being passive. There is also the question of whether the male therapist recognizes that much of what causes stress for women is dealing with a world in which they are not treated equally. The APA therefore has guidelines to help psychologists meet the needs of female patients. In terms of culture, many of our ideas of normal and abnormal come from our own culture, and even when therapists and clients share nationality, it may not be enough for the client to feel comfortable. U.S. therapists have shown difficulty treating immigrants, and particularly need help in recognizing that some disorders that afflict people from other cultures may not take place in Western culture. Therapy is most effective when client and therapist share a similar cultural background.