Studies of brain structure and function in borderline personality disorder have shown dysfunction in the _____________ and _____________.

A) Temporal lobe and occipital lobe
B) Prefrontal areas and the amygdala
C) Hippocampus and thalamus
D) Spinal cord and amygdala
E) Prefront areas and insula

Studies have consistently found dysfunction in both prefrontal areas and the amygdala in individuals with borderline personality disorder. The prefrontal areas are responsible for regulating emotional reactions and decision making, while the amygdala is involved in emotional processing and the generation of emotional responses. Dysfunction in both areas may contribute to the emotional instability and impulsive behavior characteristic of borderline personality disorder.