________ reinforcers result in the learning of new behaviors or the strengthening of existing ones.

A) Positive, but not negative
B) Neither positive nor negative
C) Negative, but not positive
D) Positive and negative

Both positive and negative reinforcers can result in the learning of new behaviors or the strengthening of existing ones. Positive reinforcers involve the addition of a desirable stimulus, such as a reward, to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Negative reinforcers involve the removal of an aversive stimulus, such as the termination of a loud noise, to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.