Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from

A) stimulus generalization.
B) observational learning.
C) reinforcement.
D) classical conditioning.

Unpredictable Electric Shocks

Randomly administered electric shocks used in experimental settings, often to study fear or stress responses.

Stimulus Generalization

The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus in conditioned response scenarios.

Observational Learning

A learning process that occurs through observing and imitating others' behavior.