Provide a definition of attribution theory and describe an example applying this theory. Include details about the occurrence of attribution error.

Attribution theory is a social psychology concept that focuses on how individuals interpret and explain the causes of events, behaviors, and outcomes. It examines how people attribute the behavior of themselves and others to internal or external factors, such as personal traits, abilities, or situational circumstances.

An example of attribution theory in action is when a student receives a low grade on a test. If the student attributes the low grade to their lack of effort or ability (internal attribution), they may feel guilty or ashamed. However, if the student attributes the low grade to the difficulty of the test or the teacher's unfair grading (external attribution), they may feel less responsible and more likely to blame external factors.

Attribution error occurs when individuals incorrectly attribute the behavior of themselves or others to internal or external factors. For example, if someone sees a person trip and fall, they may attribute the fall to the person being clumsy (internal attribution) without considering the possibility of a slippery floor (external attribution). This error in judgment can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of behavior. Overall, attribution theory helps us understand how people make sense of the world around them and the potential for errors in their attributions.