​One route through which stress may affect the immune system is through

A) ​lowered epinephrine levels.
B) ​elevated cortisol levels.
C) ​reverse peristalsis.
D) ​any of these.

Lowered Epinephrine

Refers to a decreased level of epinephrine, a hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's fight-or-flight response.

Stress

A psychological and physical reaction to demands, perceived as challenges or threats, which can affect health and wellbeing.