Independent variables are

A) measured by researchers.
B) manipulated by researchers.
C) confounds that are typically irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested.
D) the factors that change in response to the changes in dependent variables.

Independent Variables

Factors in an experiment that are intentionally changed or manipulated to observe their effect on dependent variables.

Manipulated

Altered or controlled in a skillful manner, often referring to variables in scientific experiments or to influence people's behaviors or perceptions.

Dependent Variables

In an experiment, these are the variables that are tested and measured to see if they are affected by changes in the independent variables.