In brief, please review the Cognitive Model of Substance Use.

Dysfunctional beliefs are problematic in that they distort reality and produce self-justifications for how/why substances serve as a coping mechanism. These beliefs become self-fulfilling in that the client believes they cannot cope with anything negative without the substance. Furthermore, these beliefs tend to appear most strongly during periods of attempted abstinence. For example, the client may state, "I can't cope with work without drinking," or "My cravings are too strong, I'll return to cocaine at some point."
Beck et al. (1993) argued that dysfunctional beliefs contribute to the formation of urges. The theory stipulates a linear process that starts with a belief, which leads to an expectation, which then produces an urge to use. The cognitive-behavioral theory holds that the dysfunctional beliefs about the substance use include one of more of the following: (1) The substance use will help the client maintain an overall sense of stability; (2) The substance will make the client better, smarter, more capable, etc.; (3) The substance effects will be pleasurable in some manner; (4) The substance will relieve negative mood or affect.; and (5) The substance will help manage any cravings.