How do faulty knowledge and ineffective strategies lead to self-defeating behavior? Explain with an example.

A pathway to self-defeating behavior involves faulty knowledge and a reliance on strategies that don't work. As with tradeoffs, the person is usually pursuing something positive and good, but the self-defeater chooses a strategy that backfires. Often, people do not adequately understand what is effective in the world, either because they do not understand the world, or they do not understand themselves correctly. For example, some people procrastinate because they believe that "I do my best work under pressure"-that work left till the last minute will actually end up being better. This is generally false: Leaving things until the last minute typically makes it harder to do an adequate job. Thus, they think that putting things off will help them do better work, but actually it makes them do poorer work. Students who procrastinate get lower grades than other students. When people are tested under identical laboratory conditions, chronic procrastinators perform worse than others, not better. In short, the claim that "I do my best work under pressure" is a false rationalization for almost everyone, and it is particularly false for procrastinators.