Fallon is afraid of loud sounds,like thunder.She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder.Thus,when Fallon sees lightning,she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later.Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as

A) classical conditioning.
B) habituation.
C) sensitization.
D) observational learning.

Fallon has learned to associate two stimuli: lightning (a neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus) and thunder (an unconditioned stimulus that naturally causes a fear response). When she now reacts to lightning by bracing for the thunder, it shows she has been classically conditioned to anticipate the thunder after seeing lightning. This is a textbook example of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response.