Examine the changes in the structure and the roles of the family that occurred in the early- and mid-1800s.

In the early- and mid-1800s, there were significant changes in the structure and roles of the family. One of the most notable changes was the shift from agrarian to industrial society, which led to changes in family dynamics. Families began to move from rural areas to urban centers in search of work, leading to smaller family units as extended families were no longer necessary for agricultural labor. This shift also led to a change in the roles of family members, as men increasingly became the primary breadwinners while women took on more domestic roles.

Additionally, the concept of childhood began to emerge during this time, leading to a greater emphasis on the nurturing and education of children. This resulted in a shift towards a more child-centered family structure, with parents taking on the responsibility of providing for their children's emotional and educational needs.

Furthermore, the rise of the middle class during this period led to a greater emphasis on privacy and individualism within the family unit. This resulted in a shift towards a more nuclear family structure, with a focus on the immediate family rather than extended relatives.

Overall, the early- and mid-1800s saw significant changes in the structure and roles of the family, driven by shifts in societal and economic factors. These changes laid the groundwork for the modern family structure that we see today.