Describe how Freud understood the development of personality.

Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:
▪ Freud believed that personality and psychopathology are determined by interactions among the id, ego, and superego.
▪ He believed that these mostly occur in the unconscious, out of our awareness.
▪ Unconscious conflicts among the id, ego, and superego cause stresses that the unconscious uses defense mechanisms to regulate via disguise or transformation.
▪ A person's characteristic defense mechanisms shape her or his behavior and personality.
▪ When defense mechanisms are used maladaptively, abnormal or pathological behaviors may result.