Define contingency approaches and describe the four leadership styles in the Contingency Model.

Contingency Approaches state that the relationship between leader behavior and leadership effectiveness depends on i.e., "is contingent upon") the situation.
Contingency theories start with a manager's behavioral style. The most common leadership behaviors used by managers are task-oriented and relations-oriented behavior. In contingency approaches these are often referred to as directive leadership and supportive leadership styles. Two additional behavioral styles were added later: achievement-oriented leadership and participative leadership. Achievement-oriented leadership focuses on building subordinates' confidence in their ability to achieve high standards of performance through a focus on excellence and goal setting. Participative leadership focuses on consulting with subordinates and taking their suggestions into account before making decisions.