Danica's grades have recently dropped.She is reluctant to return a call from her parents because she is avoiding what will be a very unpleasant conversation.Danica's reluctance to call her parents can be explained by

A) instinct theory.
B) evolutionary theory.
C) drive-reduction theory.
D) hierarchy of needs theory.

Drive-reduction theory suggests that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce physiological and psychological tension caused by unmet needs, such as the need for better grades. Danica's reluctance to call her parents may stem from her desire to avoid the unpleasant conversation about her grades, which would increase her tension and discomfort.