Briefly trace the history of career counseling since its beginning in 1909 to the current time, highlighting significant figures, governmental initiatives, and social changes that have shaped its evolution.

Frank Parsons is credited with beginning the field of career counseling when he published his book, Choosing a Vocation.In it, he advocated for understanding oneself, understanding different work requirements, and identifying how these two domains relate.During Parson's lifetime, his work was viewed as a way to reduce juvenile delinquency.He argued for a scientific approach to choosing one's life work.Success during the early 20th century was determined by whether a person stayed in their chosen job.Since that time, however, the world of work has changed, with people typically moving to different jobs over the course of their lives.From the 1920s to the 1940s and beyond, career counseling became visible on college campuses.Counselors assisted returning veterans from both World Wars I and II.In the 1950s, Donald Super advocated for changing the way people conceptualize career counseling from helping people decided on a one-time job to helping them build a career across the life span.During the Cold War in the 1950s, the U.S.government wanted more students to choose careers that would help the United States compete against the Soviet Union in science and technology.The National Defense Education Act funded school guidance programs to help counselors provide career services.More recently, there has been a focus on counselors helping people to attend to psychological aspects of career decision-making.Several authors have argued that the distinction between personal and career counseling minimizes the emotional aspects of making life decisions about one's career.Finally, the field has prioritized meeting the needs of diverse clients entering the workforce and reshaping career counseling, so it is more inclusive.