At a hospital in 1998,674 women were diagnosed with breast cancer.Five years later,88% of the Caucasian women and 83% of the African American women were still alive.A researcher concludes that being Caucasian causes women with breast cancer an increased chance of surviving five years.Since there is no random assignment and there may have been lurking variables,this conclusion is not justified.Which of the following are possible lurking variables?
I: Income
II: Neighborhood where patient lives
III: Quality of health care
IV: Diet
V: Number of years surviving since diagnosis

A) I,II,III,IV,V
B) I,III,IV
C) I,IV
D) I,II,III,IV
E) II,IV

Question

Shreya Srivastava · Accepted Answer

Final Answer : D, Explanation :  Income, neighborhood, quality of healthcare, and diet are all potential lurking variables that could influence survival rates, as they can affect access to quality medical care, lifestyle, and overall health. The number of years surviving since diagnosis is not a lurking variable in this context because it is the outcome being measured, not a factor that could influence the outcome.

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