Analyses comparing the entire manufacturing and service sectors cast doubt on whether Zuboff's argument can be generalized.

Manufacturing

The process of using raw materials, labor, and machinery to produce goods on a large scale for consumption or further use in other industries.

Service Sectors

The segment of the economy that involves providing services rather than producing goods, including industries like healthcare, education, and finance.

Zuboff

Shoshana Zuboff, a scholar known for her work on the implications of digital technology for society, including concepts such as surveillance capitalism.