According to the expectancy model,a manager's perception of reality and the employee's perception of reality are often the same.Therefore,a manager can use his perceptions to set the performance standards and rewards.

The expectancy model suggests that an employee's perception of the link between effort, performance, and rewards can influence their motivation and behavior. A manager's perception of reality may not always align with the employee's perception, so it is important to involve employees in the goal-setting process and consider their input when setting performance standards and rewards.