According to expectancy theory,which of the following would be an example of negative instrumentality?

A) You believe that no matter how hard you work your performance will not be recognized.
B) You do not have confidence in your ability to perform the required task.
C) You do not value the reward.
D) You are not motivated to exert any effort.

Negative Instrumentality

The perception that effort will not lead to the desired performance or reward outcomes.

Expectancy Theory

A hypothesis in motivational theory stating that the strength of an individual's motivation to perform a particular action is determined by their expectation that the action will lead to a specific outcome and the value they place on that outcome.

Required Task

The responsibilities and duties assigned to an employee as part of their job role.