A study of 164 New Zealand companies with at least 100 employees found ____ employee turnover and ____ organizational productivity among firms using participative management practices.

A) lower; higher
B) higher; higher
C) higher; lower
D) lower; lower
E) no change in; higher

Participative Management Practices

A management approach where employees at all levels are involved in the decision-making process, enhancing collaboration and ownership.

Organizational Productivity

Refers to how efficiently an organization can convert inputs into outputs while maximizing quality and quantity.

Employee Turnover

The rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new employees, affecting organizational stability and knowledge continuity.