Without __________, __________ lacks a framework for measuring how well things are going and what could be done to improve things.

A) problem solving; organising
B) planning; decision making
C) controlling; goal setting
D) planning; controlling
E) planning; leading

Framework

A basic structure or set of guidelines designed to support or encase something, often used in the development of projects, policies, or software.

Decision Making

The process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions.

Controlling

The management function that involves monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any deviations to achieve objectives.